Madhu Kishwar is an Indian academic, writer, and social activist known for her work on women's rights, human rights, and socio-political issues. She founded Manushi, a journal started in 1978 focusing on women's rights and social issues, which later transitioned to an online platform. Kishwar is also the founder of the organization Manushi Sangathan, which advocates for democratic reforms and social justice, particularly for marginalized communities.

She has held prominent academic positions, including serving as a professor at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), and is currently a Maulana Azad National Professor of the Indian Council for Social Science Research. Kishwar's research covers a wide range of topics, including gender justice, economic reforms, and traditional Indian art forms. Her publications include books like Modi, Muslims and Media, Zealous Reformers, Deadly Laws, and Deepening Democracy.

Kishwar has also been involved in several legal and public controversies, particularly concerning her outspoken views on Indian politics, media, and communal issues. She has made documentary films and has actively participated in policy reform debates in India, often advocating for marginalized groups such as street vendors and rickshaw pullers.